What are slums commonly characterized by?

Slums are commonly characterized by inadequate housing and poor living conditions. This definition encompasses a range of issues that often plague slum areas, including overcrowding, lack of access to basic services such as clean water, sanitation, and reliable electricity. The structures in slums are frequently makeshift and not built to withstand harsh weather or provide safety, leading to a precarious living environment.

The social and economic conditions in slums also diminish quality of life; residents may struggle with limited employment opportunities, inadequate healthcare, and overall insecurity. These factors contribute to a cycle of poverty and can impact various aspects of life, from health outcomes to educational opportunities.

In contrast, the other options depict conditions that are typically not found in slum areas. High levels of public service access, well-structured urban planning, and affluent communities all imply resources, organization, and a standard of living that are usually absent in slum environments. Therefore, the defining characteristic of slums hinges on their inadequate housing and poor living conditions.