What feature provides natural protection to a settlement against harsh weather?

The feature that provides natural protection to a settlement against harsh weather is shelter. This refers to geographic or environmental features that can mitigate the effects of severe weather conditions. Natural shelters, such as mountains, forests, or hills, can serve as barriers against wind, rain, and extreme temperatures, helping to create a more hospitable climate within the settlement.

When examining the other choices, slope may refer to the incline of land, which can influence drainage or warmth but does not inherently provide shelter from weather conditions. Site refers to the specific location of a settlement, including its physical characteristics, but does not specifically denote protection against the elements. Situation relates to the broader context or geographic relationship of a settlement with respect to surrounding areas, but similar to site, it does not directly imply protection from harsh weather. Therefore, shelter stands out as the primary feature that offers a direct defense against adverse weather conditions, making it the correct answer.