What is often a direct result of urban decay within a city?

Urban decay refers to the decline of a city or urban area, characterized by deteriorating infrastructure, abandoned buildings, and generally declining living conditions. One of the more pressing issues often seen as a direct result of urban decay is higher crime rates. As an area becomes less maintained and more economically disadvantaged, it can lead to increased poverty, unemployment, and social disorganization. These factors create an environment where crime can thrive, as individuals may turn to illegal activities out of desperation or because of the lack of oversight and community cohesion.

In contrast, improved housing quality tends to be associated with urban renewal efforts, not decay. Increased community involvement might increase in response to urban challenges but is not a direct result of decay itself. The expansion of green spaces could also be opposite to urban decay, as it often occurs through revitalization initiatives aimed at improving urban environments. Therefore, higher crime rates serve as a clear indicator and consequence of urban decay in affected communities.