What is one of the health challenges associated with urbanization?

In the context of urbanization, increased pollution levels represent a significant health challenge. Urban areas often experience high concentrations of vehicles, industrial processes, and construction activities, all of which contribute to air and water pollution. This elevated pollution can lead to various health issues, including respiratory problems, cardiovascular diseases, and exacerbations of pre-existing health conditions. Additionally, urban environments can struggle with waste management, leading to polluted water sources and impacts on food safety.

While improved healthcare access, decreased population density, and enhanced sanitation standards can be potential benefits of urbanization, the reality in many urban settings is that rapid growth and industrialization frequently outpace the development of necessary infrastructure and regulations to manage pollution effectively. This highlights how urbanization, if not well-managed, can lead to significant environmental and public health challenges.