What is urbanization?

Urbanization refers to the process by which rural areas evolve into urban spaces, characterized by population growth and infrastructure development. This phenomenon typically involves the migration of individuals from less densely populated regions to cities in search of opportunities such as employment, education, and improved living conditions. As more people move to urban areas, these regions expand and develop through the construction of residential buildings, commercial establishments, and public services.

The other options describe scenarios that do not accurately capture the essence of urbanization. For instance, transforming urban areas into rural areas suggests a reversal of the process, while the movement of people from urban to rural areas indicates suburbanization or counter-urbanization. Complete abandonment of cities does not represent urbanization at all, but rather a decline in urban populations. Thus, the correct understanding of urbanization aligns with the process of rural areas becoming urban, highlighting the growth and development of cities as populations shift.