Which city phenomenon involves both the relocation of people and the development of infrastructure?

Urbanization is the phenomenon that encompasses both the relocation of people to urban areas and the concurrent development of infrastructure to support the growing population and economic activities. This process involves individuals moving from rural areas to cities in search of better job opportunities, services, and living conditions, contributing to the overall growth of urban populations.

As urban areas expand and attract more residents, infrastructure such as transportation systems, housing, schools, and public services must also be developed to accommodate the increasing demand. This synergy between population growth and infrastructure development is a defining characteristic of urbanization.

In contrast, urban decay refers to the deterioration of urban environments due to economic decline, population loss, and disinvestment, which does not inherently include the positive aspects of infrastructure development. Suburban migration specifically focuses on the movement of people from urban to suburban areas, which does not involve the growth of urban infrastructure. City gentrification involves the transformation of neighborhoods through the influx of more affluent residents, leading to the displacement of lower-income residents, but it typically does not reflect broader patterns of urban relocation and infrastructure development that characterize urbanization.